This part of IEC 62278 provides guidance on applying the RAM requirements in IEC 62278 to rolling stock and for dealing with RAM activities during the system life cycle phases from invitation to tender to demonstration in operation only. All references to IEC 62278 concern the 2002 issue. The guide is aimed at the customers/operators and main suppliers of rolling stock. The main purpose of the guide is to: • enable a customer/operator of rolling stock: – to specify the RAM requirements addressing the type of operation in terms of the end customer needs, considering service availability and economic considerations; – to evaluate different tenders, in terms of RAM requirements, on a common basis with the aid of specific RAM documents; – to gain assurance, during design/development phase, that the rolling stock being offered is likely to satisfy the RAM contractual requirements by examining step by step detailed and specific RAM documents as an output of the RAM activities performed during the development phase; – to validate that the rolling stock, as delivered, satisfies the specified RAM requirements; • to enable the main supplier of rolling stock; – to understand the customers/operators RAM requirements; – to provide substantive information/visibility in a tender to show that the product offered is likely to satisfy the RAM requirements by performing preliminary RAM analysis; – to provide substantive information during design/development phase to show that the product offered is likely to satisfy the RAM requirements by performing detailed RAM analysis; – to demonstrate that the product delivered satisfies the RAM requirements. Regarding LCC, this application guide is restricted to providing only the key RAM parameters necessary to be incorporated into an LCC model. This application guide excludes: • RAM values connected to the different RAM requirements (however, it contains a simple guideline of actions for supporting the decision making process and choosing appropriate values, see 5.4); • specific RAM documents to be produced and activities to be performed. However, it provides, only as an example, typical data and document templates for recording the output of a RAM analysis).