This International Standard deals with pressure conditions in hoppers, bunkers, bins and Silos constructed using normal structural engineering materials. For the purposes of definition, the term Silo is used throughout this International Standard to represent all forms of storage. The methods given in clause 3 for the determination of loads are intended for use with the practical range of containment structures subject to the following limitations: a) filling is a continuous process involving small inertia effects and inconsequential impact loads; b) the maximum particle size of the ensiled bulk material is not greater than 0,lR (R = hydraulic radius); c) where discharge devices are used (e.g. feeders, internal flow tubes, etc.), material flow is effectively continuous and centric within the eccentricity limitation given in e): d) in bottom-discbarging Silos, the bulk material is free-flowing and has a low cohesion [i.e. da < l,OR (see annex A)]; e) the eccentricity e of the filling or discharge process, relative to the Silo centreline, is less than 0,25d for cylindrical Silos, and less than 0,25a in the case of rectangular Silos; f) the ratio of height to diameter is not greater than ‘IO; the height is not greater than 100 m and the diameter is not greater than 50 m.