This part of IEC 61340, which is a technical report, describes the fundamental principles of electrostatic phenomena including charge generation, retention and dissipation and electrostatic discharges. Methods for measuring electrostatic phenomena and related properties of materials are described in a general way. Hazards and problems associated with electrostatic phenomena and principles of their control are outlined. Useful applications of electrostatic effects are summarized. The purpose of this technical report is to serve as a reference for the development of electrostatics related standards, and to provide guidance for their end-users.