The content of this document is divided into two parts.

—     This document analyses the overall configuration of an industrial digital twin system, and proposes a three-elements architecture, focusing on the twinning interface between the physical twin (PTw) and industrial digital twin (iDTw).

—     The characteristics, and the visualization elements and visualization fidelity of iDTw are analysed.

This document:

a)       analyses the twinning interface between the PTw and iDTw;

b)       proposes a three-elements architecture;

c)        analyses the visualization element and its fidelity, which is a key component of the interface among the three-elements architecture;

d)       analyses the elements that constitute an iDTw system to understand the unique properties of iDTw;

e)       explores the differentiation from cyber physical systems (CPS) or augmented reality (AR), which are similar to existing concepts of iDTw.

This document excludes:

—     applications of iDTw;

—     implementation of iDTw.